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Interventional oncology (abbreviated IO) is a subspecialty field of interventional radiology that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and cancer-related problems using targeted minimally invasive procedures performed under image guidance.〔Hickey R, Vouche M, Sze DY, et al. Cancer concepts and principles: primer for the interventional oncologist-part II. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2013 Aug;24(8):1167-88. doi: (10.1016/j.jvir.2013.04.023 ).〕〔Hickey R, Vouche M, Sze DY, et al. Cancer concepts and principles: primer for the interventional oncologist-part I. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2013 Aug;24(8):1157-64. doi: (10.1016/j.jvir.2013.04.024 ).〕 Interventional oncology has developed to a separate pillar of modern oncology and it employs X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to help guide miniaturized instruments (e.g. biopsy needles, ablation electrodes, intravascular catheters) to allow targeted and precise treatment of solid tumours (also known as neoplasms) located in various organs of the human body, including but not limited to the liver, kidneys, lungs, and bones.〔(Interventional Radiology Treatments for Liver Cancer. )〕〔Pereira PL, Masala S; Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) Standards of practice: guidelines for thermal ablation of primary and secondary lung tumors. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2012 Apr;35(2):247-54. doi: (10.1007/s00270-012-0340-1 ).〕 Interventional oncology treatments are routinely carried out by interventional radiologists in appropriate settings and facilities.〔(The Royal College of Radiologists UK. Interventional Oncology: Guidance for Service delivery )〕 == Applications == Interventional oncology procedures are commonly applied to treat primary or metastatic cancer. Interventional oncology may be offered once traditional surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy have failed or are not considered safe. IO treatments may be also offered in combination with any of the above oncological therapies in order to augment the therapeutic outcome in more complex or widespread (metastatic) cancer cases. There is an increase in the variety of applications of interventional oncological treatments for primary and metastatic cancer in different human body organs: * Liver cancer: primary liver tumours known as hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases.〔 * Lung cancer: usually lung metastases or inoperable primary lung cancer.〔 * Kidney Cancer: usually small kidney tumours known as renal cell carcinoma.〔Katsanos K, Mailli L, Krokidis M, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of thermal ablation versus surgical nephrectomy for small renal tumours. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2014 Apr;37(2):427-37. doi: (10.1007/s00270-014-0846-9 )〕 * Bone Cancer: for bone metastases located in the spine, pelvis and long bones.〔Kurup AN, Callstrom MR. Ablation of musculoskeletal metastases: pain palliation, fracture risk reduction, and oligometastatic disease. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2013 Dec;16(4):253-61. doi: (10.1053/j.tvir.2013.08.007 )〕 * Breast Cancer: for small tumours. * Prostate Cancer: large inoperable tumours. * Pancreatic cancer: inoperable advanced neoplasms. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Interventional oncology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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